Synthetic Training

The US Navy's wartime term (Luis de Florez's "Special Devices Desk") for simulator-based training, starting from Edwin Link's pipe-organ-pneumatic flight trainers (1931). De Monchaux's point is that the demand for a trainer switchable between aircraft — even unbuilt ones — is what drove Forrester to abandon analog control for real-time digital computing (ASCA → Whirlwind → SAGE), so the real-time computer is a by-product of simulation, not the reverse. Apollo's simulators fused this physical-trainer lineage with SAGE's digital one; Appleyard then imported the same "vet the unbuilt" logic into urban design at the BESL.